[258] During the 1990s, with Michael Jordan leading them, the Bulls won six NBA championships in eight seasons. The name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the indigenous Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa for a wild relative of the onion; it is known to botanists as Allium tricoccum and known more commonly as "ramps". [328] All three Chicago franchise shows are filmed locally throughout Chicago and maintain strong national viewership averaging 7 million viewers per show. Click here to see how the data was gathered. [275] Washington Park is also one of the city's biggest parks; covering nearly 400 acres (160ha). On June 4, 1998, the city officially opened the Museum Campus, a 10-acre (4ha) lakefront park, surrounding three of the city's main museums, each of which is of national importance: the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the Shedd Aquarium. [2] The city's population peaked in the 1950 Census, although two of the three most recent Censuses as of 2022 have shown moderate growth. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archaeological artifacts. These schools offer a rigorous curriculum with mainly honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses. She was notable for temporarily moving into the crime-ridden Cabrini-Green housing project and for leading Chicago's school system out of a financial crisis.[89]. [citation needed], Chicago is currently the setting for Showtime's Shameless, and NBC's Chicago Fire, Chicago P.D. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for US president at the 1860 Republican National Convention, which was held in a purpose-built auditorium called, the Wigwam. About 18.3% of families and 22.1% of the population lived below the poverty line. [112][113], Chicago's streets were laid out in a street grid that grew from the city's original townsite plot, which was bounded by Lake Michigan on the east, North Avenue on the north, Wood Street on the west, and 22nd Street on the south. For other uses, see, 2021 United States Census Bureau American Community Survey estimates, Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America, "What Were the Largest Cities Throughout History? The Chicago Pride Parade, held the last Sunday in June, is one of the world's largest with over a million people in attendance. [161], According to U.S. census estimates as of July2019[update], Chicago's largest racial or ethnic group is non-Hispanic White at 32.8% of the population, Blacks at 30.1% and the Hispanic population at 29.0% of the population. Dew point temperatures in the summer range from an average of 55.7F (13.2C) in June to 61.7F (16.5C) in July. Of the 1,061,928 households in the 2000 census, 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. This dialect can also be found in other cities bordering the Great Lakes such as Cleveland, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Rochester, New York, and most prominently features a rearrangement of certain vowel sounds, such as the short 'a' sound as in "cat", which can sound more like "kyet" to outsiders. [362], To celebrate the sister cities, Chicago hosts a yearly festival in Daley Plaza, which features cultural acts and food tastings from the other cities. When founded in 1833, fewer than 200 people had settled on what was then the American frontier. Chicago's first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois and Michigan Canal opened in 1848. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a blue bag program to divert recyclable refuse from landfills. [47][48][49], In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed an area about 4 miles (6.4km) long and 1-mile (1.6km) wide, a large section of the city at the time. The Chicago metropolitan area is the third-largest media market in North America, after New York City and Los Angeles and a major media hub. [58] The desire to join the city was driven by municipal services that the city could provide its residents. The mayor appoints commissioners and other officials who oversee the various departments. Jackson Park offers more than 500 acres of mature parkland along the lakefront, containing flower gardens, watercourses to wooded isles, sports facilities, stocked fish ponds, 18 miles of walking and biking pathsand it's the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center. In the Encyclopedia of Chicago, Northwestern University Professor Bill Savage describes Chicago fiction as prose which tries to "capture the essence of the city, its spaces and its people". In 1990, Chicago's South Side and the adjoining south suburbs constituted the largest black majority region in the entire United States. [citation needed], The Chicago Public Library system operates 3 regional libraries and 77 neighbourhood branches, including the central library. [119] Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and densest. The city is the United States' third-largest convention destination. The mayor of Chicago is the chief executive, elected by general election for a term of four years, with no term limits. Some events which shaped the city's history have also been memorialized by art works, including the Great Northern Migration (Saar) and the centennial of statehood for Illinois. [32][33] Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in the State of Illinois in 2013, over 10,000 same-sex couples have wed in Cook County alone.[34]. By the time of the official census count in 1990, it was overtaken by Los Angeles as the United States' second largest city. Segments that link to the city center are named after influential politicians, with three of them named after former U.S.Presidents (Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Reagan) and one named after two-time Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4, 1837,[35] and for several decades was the world's fastest-growing city. View the 2010 U.S. [12][13], Chicago is an international hub for finance, culture, commerce, industry, education, technology, telecommunications, and transportation. The 2000 United States Census had shown the population density of the city itself was 12,750.3 people per square mile (4,923.0/km2), making it one of the nation's most densely populated cities. Chicago. [12] Additionally, The Patriarchal see of the Assyrian Church of the East was based in Chicago for several decades up until 2015 when it was moved to Erbil. [97], Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois on the southwestern shores of freshwater Lake Michigan. [6] The large Hispanic population is rather recent, with the segregation between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites being low when compared to Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. There is a substantial Romani community in Chicago. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest African American population, behind only New York City and Atlanta. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, a new wave of immigrants from the mainland came in the 1950s. Rahm Emanuel (to April 2019) 2010 census population (rank): 2,695,598 (3); Male:Female:White:Black:American Indian and Alaska Native:Asian:Other race:Two or more races . He created Lincoln Park by closing a cemetery filled with shallow graves, and in 1867, in response to an outbreak of cholera he helped establish a new Chicago Board of Health. Males had a median income of $35,907 versus $30,536 for females. The median income for a household in the city was $38,625 in 2000, and the median income for a family was $46,748. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana area are clustered. Most of the city's high-rise commercial and residential buildings are close to the waterfront. [280], The city is home of former United States President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama; Barack Obama was formerly a state legislator representing Chicago and later a US senator. Richard Giraldi of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked on the significance of the label and wrote, "As important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago's Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres."[331]. ", "Ken Griffin and J.B. Pritzker's secret meeting: The origin of a political feud", "Chicago's snack bar wars: May the cleanest label win", "Chicago City Council raises minimum wage to $15 by 2021, but restaurant servers still will get lower tipped wage", "Opaa! [citation needed]. In a 2016 campus survey, students identified 19 different spiritual and nonreligious practices. [263], Five area colleges play in DivisionI conferences: two from major conferencesthe DePaul Blue Demons (Big East Conference) and the Northwestern Wildcats (Big Ten Conference)and three from other D1 conferencesthe Chicago State Cougars (Western Athletic Conference); the Loyola Ramblers (Missouri Valley Conference); and the UIC Flames (Horizon League). [94] Emanuel was sworn in as mayor on May 16, 2011, and won re-election in 2015. [285] In June 2017, the Chicago Police Department and the Federal ATF announced a new task force, similar to past task forces, to address the flow of illegal guns and repeat offenses with guns. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Size & Demographic Characteristics of Religious Groups, all 50 states and the 17 largest metropolitan areas, Q&A: The Muslim-Christian education gap in sub-Saharan Africa, Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely as Christians to have no formal education, How Religious Groups Differ in Educational Attainment, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, Gender pay gap in U.S. hasnt changed much in two decades. Roughly three-quarters of residents of three Southern cities Dallas (78%), Atlanta (76%) and Houston (73%) are Christians. [115], In 2016, Chicago was ranked the sixth-most walkable large city in the United States. In 1803, the U.S. Army constructed Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed during the War of 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn by the Potawatomi before being later rebuilt. The Mandarin-speaking people settled throughout Chicago and the suburbs . ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic. Conscientious 60% Rich 20% Thoughtful 20% Hyde Park Demographics Education Levels National Master's degree or higher 54% 13% Bachelor's degree 24% 21% Some college or associate's degree 12% 29% More Racial Diversity White 47% African American 24% Asian 14% More Gender Female 54% Male 46% Age <10 years 6% 10-17 years 6% 18-24 years 24% More Soldier Field re-opened in 2003 after an extensive renovation. The first Bosnians settled in Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, joining other immigrants seeking better opportunities and better lives. The Asian represented 5.5% of the population and the Native American population was 0.5% of the population. For these figures, anything under 0.25% displays as <0.3%. [182], The first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993 were held in Chicago. Anarchist and socialist groups played prominent roles in creating very large and highly organized labor actions. [220] Also performing regularly at Symphony Center is the Chicago Sinfonietta, a more diverse and multicultural counterpart to the CSO. Other museums and galleries in Chicago include the Chicago History Museum, the Driehaus Museum, the DuSable Museum of African American History, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, the Polish Museum of America, the Museum of Broadcast Communications, the Pritzker Military Library, the Chicago Architecture Foundation, and the Museum of Science and Industry. [citation needed], Chicago Public Radio produces nationally aired programs such as PRI's This American Life and NPR's Wait WaitDon't Tell Me!. ), Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad. views about size of government by metro area, Learn More: views about size of government, Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say government aid to the poor, Compare: [251] T.S.Eliot's first professionally published poem, "The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock", was first published by Poetry. Amtrak long distance and commuter rail services originate from Union Station. Henry Darger is one of the most celebrated figures of outsider art. [50][51][52] Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact,[53] and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone. Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn. [109] The North Side is the most-densely-populated residential section of the city, and many high-rises are located on this side of the city along the lakefront. 23,915. The religious face of America is largely a Christian one, with roughly seven-in-ten Americans belonging to that faith. The availability of jobs attracted African Americans from the Southern United States. Richie Stanley and Richard H.Taylor. Chicago literature finds its roots in the city's tradition of lucid, direct journalism, lending to a strong tradition of social realism. Rauch established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866. They have played more games and have more wins than any other team in Major League baseball since 1876. Chicago is also home to the Barack Obama Presidential Center being built in Hyde Park on the city's South Side. [171][172], Chicago became a "de jure" sanctuary city in 2012 when Mayor Rahm Emanuel and the City Council passed the Welcoming City Ordinance. Note: Further details on the religious makeup of cities (as well as states) are available at our interactive website on the 2014 Religious Landscape Study. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the third-largest Czech city in the world, after Prague and Vienna. During much of the last half of the 19th century, Chicago's politics were dominated by a growing Democratic Party organization. There are 24 public beaches across 26 miles (42km) of the waterfront. Chicago is also the location of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago. The U.S. [citation needed], Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. [188] Additionally, the Chicago metropolitan area recorded the greatest number of new or expanded corporate facilities in the United States for calendar year 2014. [306], Chicago Public Schools (CPS) is the governing body of the school district that contains over 600 public elementary and high schools citywide, including several selective-admission magnet schools. (formerly ImprovOlympic). Persons per household, 2017-2021. [339] The program started on June 15 with 10 different scooter companies, including scooter sharing market leaders Bird, Jump, Lime and Lyft. [238][239][240], A distinctly Chicago sandwich, the Italian beef sandwich is thinly sliced beef simmered in au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. The ethnic makeup of the population is 28% Hispanic and 72% belong to non Hispanic background. [290], The number of murders in Chicago peaked at 970 in 1974, when the city's population was over 3million people (a murder rate of about 29 per 100,000), and it reached 943 murders in 1992, (a murder rate of 34 per 100,000). Religions Explore religious groups in the U.S. by tradition, family and denomination Christian 70.6% Evangelical Protestant 25.4% Mainline Protestant 14.7% Historically Black Protestant 6.5% Catholic 20.8% Mormon 1.6% Orthodox Christian 0.5% Jehovah's Witness 0.8% Other Christian 0.4% Non-Christian Faiths 5.9% Jewish 1.9% Muslim 0.9% Buddhist 0.7% 2005: The Chicago White Sox win the World Series and break 88-year title drought, 2010: Chicago Blackhawks win Stanley Cup Championship, 2012: Chicago Red Stars win National Women's Open, 2013: Chicago Blackhawks win Stanley Cup Championship, 2015: Chicago Blackhawks win Stanley Cup Championship, 2016: The Chicago Cubs win World Series; break 108-year title drought and broke the Curse of the Billy Goat. Scope: population of Illinois and Chicago. The city also has one PBS member station (its second: WYCC 20, removed its affiliation with PBS in 2017[322]): WTTW 11, producer of shows such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group. Around two-thirds of the area's 8 million inhabitants are Christians, who read the Bible, according to National Conference for Community and Justice figures. The canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. [174] In 2018, Chicago ranked seventh globally for the highest number of ultra-high-net-worth residents with roughly 3,300 residents worth more than $30million. There were more than 1,061,928 households, of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. [226] Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. attendance at prayer groups by metro area, Learn More: frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups, At least once a week, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who meditate, Compare: [107], Major sections of the city include the central business district, called The Loop, and the North, South, and West Sides. [25] According to his diary of late September 1687: when we arrived at the said place called "Chicagou" which, according to what we were able to learn of it, has taken this name because of the quantity of garlic which grows in the forests in this region. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. [249] Much notable Chicago fiction focuses on the city itself, with social criticism keeping exultation in check. Jones, Dale E., et al. Experience Chicagos most notable music festivals including the Chicago Blues Festival, the Chicago Jazz Festival, Lollapalooza, Pitchfork Music Festival and Riot Fest. [349] Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. Over the years neighborhoods have seen gradual ethnic change with White ethnic neighborhoods like Brighton Park transitioning to Hispanic, while former Latino neighborhoods like West Town transition to majority non-Hispanic White. 2002. [271][272], With berths for more than 6,000 boats, the Chicago Park District operates the nation's largest municipal harbor system. In this interactive tool, national religious composition percentages are rounded to the nearest tenth (e.g., 22.8%). The park is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in South Side Chicago. [citation needed], The government of the City of Chicago is divided into executive and legislative branches. [178] Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are the largest branches (34% and 35% respectively), followed by Eastern Orthodoxy and Jehovah's Witnesses with 1% each. Some can be seen from the Kennedy Expressway, other roadways, and public transportation routes, as well as from the neighborhood streets. Natural gas is provided by Peoples Gas, a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group, which is headquartered in Chicago. Even more challenging were the social conditions in some parts of the city. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are given annually to acknowledge excellence in theater in the Chicago area. [75] Chicago was the location of the infamous St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929, when Al Capone sent men to gun down members of a rival gang, North Side, led by Bugs Moran. [114] Streets following the Public Land Survey System section lines later became arterial streets in outlying sections. All eight of the city's representatives are Democrats; only two Republicans have represented a significant portion of the city since 1973, for one term each: Robert P. Hanrahan from 1973 to 1975, and Michael Patrick Flanagan from 1995 to 1997. [citation needed], The Great Migration, which had been on pause due to the Depression, resumed at an even faster pace in the second wave, as hundreds of thousands of blacks from the South arrived in the city to work in the steel mills, railroads, and shipping yards. Several private schools are completely secular, such as the Latin School of Chicago in the Near North Side neighborhood, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools in Hyde Park, the British School of Chicago and the Francis W. Parker School in Lincoln Park, the Lyce Franais de Chicago in Uptown, the Feltre School in River North and the Morgan Park Academy. The term "The Loop" is largely used by locals to refer to the entire downtown area as well. The city rests on a continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds. A polar vortex in January 2019 nearly broke the city's cold record of 27F (33C), which was set on January 20, 1985. ), Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Count White 1 Hispanic 2 Black Asian Mixed 1 Other 1 32.3% 878k 28.7% 779k 30.9% 840k 6.1% 165k 1.6% 44.1k 0.3% 8,346. The U.S. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the 1833 Treaty of Chicago and sent west of the Mississippi River as part of the federal policy of Indian removal. [25]. [158][159] To these ethnic groups, the basis of the city's industrial working class, were added an additional influx of African Americans from the American Southwith Chicago's black population doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930. The term "midway" for a fair or carnival referred originally to the Midway Plaisance, a strip of park land that still runs through the University of Chicago campus and connects the Washington and Jackson Parks. Chicago Population & Age Distribution Total Population 2,696,555 Age Under 5 Years: 6.1% 5 - 17: 14.3% 18 - 24: 9.8% 25 - 34: 20.1% 35 - 54: 25.9% 55 - 64: 11.1% Over 65 Years: 12.7% Educational Attainment of Adults Attending College High School Graduates College Graduated 5.3% 85.9% Chicago has several other contemporary and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago and Chicago Dance Crash. Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021.