2023 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. [7] In the two previous Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only 1 senator (Republican Susan Collins of Maine in 2020) was elected in a state that was won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.[8]. Brown is up for reelection in 2024. [97][98], Republican nominee for Senate in 2022, Mehmet Oz, is considered a potential challenger for the Republican nomination, despite living in New Jersey. [63], Former Governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. Both Manchin and Tester are also up for reelection next year in states where the GOP dominates. Gillibrand is running for a third full term. During the Democratic primary of that race, Carper implied that he might not seek re-election in 2024, and, when asked about it, said, "This may be the last time. So I hope to run for re-election" in the Senate, he said. Others have gotten there. I feel like Im accomplishing something. [102][103], One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. [64][65], Former U.S. Representative Stephanie Murphy (2017-2023) is seen as a potential challenger for the Democratic nomination. Of the 33 regularly scheduled elections in 2024, 10 seats are held by Republicans, 20 seats are held by Democrats and three seats are held by independents who caucus with Democrats. Perhaps the one major exception . Youre not my vector for an announcement.. Because the House wanted a manageable number of members, Congress twice set the size of the House at 435 voting members. Some members of the House are throwing their names on the ballot for a seat in the upper chamber, while a handful of senators have launched campaigns for reelection. Can you bring your vape pen or e-cigarette on a plane? On January 20, 2023, Kaine confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term. All Rights Reserved. By helping Democrats pass a landmark $750 billion climate, tax and health care bill, Sens. That makes for a tough cycle and it gets even harder if incumbents choose not to run. Mariam Zuhaib/AP Photo, Im gonna listen to people in Delaware, and Im going to listen to my wife. Congressmen Bill Huizenga and Mike Rogers, former Congressman Peter Meijer (2021-2023), and Congresswoman Lisa McClain have all expressed interest in running for the Republican nomination. [77], Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was re-elected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. And just last year, Wisconsin voters handed Sen. Ron Johnson (R) another term in the Senate, choosing a staunch conservative ally of Trump over now-former Lt. Gov. Thats very gratifying, but its its a bit early to be deciding. [40][39] After the elections, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema announced she had changed her party affiliation from Democrat to independent. Heinrich has announced his intent to run for a third term. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) announced this week that she would not run for reelection in 2024, confirming months of speculation that she will retire at the end of her term. [80], Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. | She has announced her intent to run for a fifth term. -moz-columns: 1; [113] However, on October 5, 2022, Manchin said, "What I do in 2024 has nothing to do with what I do right now," and was watching the 2022 elections before making a decision. The countdown to the 2024 electionis on with candidates beginning to announcetheir intentions to run for Senate seats or give them up. [26], U.S. Representative Jared Golden (ME-02) is considered a potential candidate for the Democratic nomination. Think we're missing something? Democrats are already lining up for the open seat . Not only will they be defending more than twice as many Senate seats as Republicans, but theyll likely be on the ballot with President Biden, whose approval rating remains relatively low. Right now in the Senate, I remain focused on the issues that matter most to Arizonans: getting inflation under control, creating good paying jobs, and addressing our water crisis, not campaign politics., Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (D-Ariz.) in a statement. On the other hand, Republicans havent yet settled on a candidate either. Thirty-four seats in the Senate will be up for grabs in the upcoming election, with Democrats (including independents who caucus with Democrats) currently occupyinga majority 23 of those seats. I am all in. Though he won't make a final determination on whether to run again until early next year, he told . State prosecutor Keith Gross is expected to announce a primary challenge against Scott, with U.S. Representative Byron Donalds being seen as another potential candidate for the Republican nomination. Yet as the 2024 Senate . No candidates. Senators in Class I were elected to office in the November 2018 general election, unless they took their seat through appointment or special election. The top 10 Senate seats that are most likely to flip to the other party. Georgia runoff election: Sen. Raphael G. Warnock (D) won re-election in the Georgia Senate runoff, defeating Republican challenger Herschel Walker and giving Democrats . Democratic Rep. Elissa Slotkin on Monday announced her candidacy for a U.S. Senate seat from Michigan, a critical battleground state in the 2024 election. Copy Code. You make up your mind after you have a chance to talk everything over with your family.. The map and table below shows what seats are up for election and the current incumbent in each race. [37], Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become President of the University of Florida. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. An abnormally large number (7) represent states Republican Donald Trump won at least once. The party is at odds over its direction, especially after a disappointing 2022 midterm election cycle. And again, Biden will likely be on the ballot, as well, potentially making it harder for Brown to run a campaign independent of the White House. Other potential Republican challengers include businessman Sam Brown, a candidate for the Republican nomination for Senate in 2022, reality television personality Rick Harrison, and venture capitalist Guy Nohra. Sisolak. Ron DeSantis (R) by 15 points among GOP primary voters in a hypothetical 2024 match-up, new polling from Fox News shows. [68][69], Former Senator Joe Donnelly is a potential challenger for the Democratic nomination in an effort to win back a seat that he lost in 2018. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the U.S. Congress from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2031, and one special election will be held to complete an unexpired term ending January 3, 2027. Republicans held 49 seats following the elections, while Democrats held 48 seats and independents who caucus with Democrats held two. Rosen is running for a second term. December Harmon, Lucas Kunce, Doris Canaday, and Zack Exley are running in the general election for U.S. Senate Missouri on November 5, 2024. [106], Former U.S. representative Jason Chaffetz is also seen as a potential primary challenger, and Gabriel Loco-Blanco has filed paperwork to run.[104]. Sen. Sinema changed her partisan affiliation from Democrat to Independent after the 2022 elections. So, no decision.. Shark Tanks Kevin OLeary blasts Ocasio-Cortez: She kills jobs by the Pelosi on DC crime bill: I wish Biden wouldve told us first, Manchin indicates opposition to Biden lands nominee over internal memo. -moz-columns: 3; (AP Photo/Al Goldis, File) The 2024 Senate race in Michigan appeared promising for Democrats just a couple of weeks ago. The state of the Senate races. She's not up for reelection until 2024, and in politics, a lot can happen in two years. Tech: Matt Latourelle Nathan Bingham Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. Democrats. Class I - Senators Whose Term of Service Expire in 2025. Republicans can retake control with a net gain of two seats or by winning the 2024 . As Cruz has supported legislation limiting senators to . The 2022 midterm elections in Pennsylvania didnt go as Republicans had hoped. Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election. That makes the decisions of undecided incumbents critical ahead of whats likely to be another narrowly divided Senate next year, with seats Democrats used to hold in Missouri, Indiana and North Dakota drifting further away. There are no Republican senators up for reelection in 2024 in states that Biden won. But for now, Sinema maintains a more conservative stance than fellow Democrats in Congress. Results are updated daily at 9:30 a.m. EST and aggregated from the most recent polls from the sources listed in the methodology section below. Most election predictors used: As of February 2023, three senators have announced plans to retire. The third-ranking Democrat's departureleaves the GOP with a pickup opportunity in a swing state. Sen. Kyrsten Sinema changed her affiliation from Democrat to independent after the 2022 elections. [84][5] Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Im definitely running, said Sen. Jacky Rosen (D-Nev.), who ousted a GOP incumbent in 2018. Governor Greg Gianforte is also seen as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination, as his first term expires in January 2025, and this is just in time for reelection or a Senate run.[83]. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire. The United States Senate Election in 2026 was held on November 3, 2026. Whitehouse is running for a fourth term. Sen. Jon Tester (D-Mont.) Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) pulled out a narrow 3-point victory in his last bid for reelection, maintaining a seat for Democrats in an otherwise deep-red state. Still, Democrats best 2024 pick-up opportunities are probably Texas and Florida not exactly fertile ground. Im definitely running., Sen. Jacky Rosen (D-Nev.) in an interview. Potential Democratic candidates include former Vermont attorney general, T. J. Donovan,[107] and incumbent Vermont lieutenant governor, David Zuckerman,[108] a Progressive. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj As of July 29, 2020, there were 21 seats held by Democrats and 10 seats held by Republicans up for election in 2024. Sen. Jon Tester (D-Mont.) [2][3][4] Another Republican, Ben Sasse, resigned early to accept a position as president of the University of Florida; the governor of Nebraska appointed Pete Ricketts as the state's interim senator and a special election will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections to fill the seat for the remainder of the term. [109], Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was re-elected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. Early polls show a tough slog in West Virginia, and the centrist is still seeking to finish the energy permitting bill he pushed for this year. [23], Adam Laxalt, former Nevada Attorney General, Republican nominee for Governor in 2018, and Republican nominee for Senator in 2022, could potentially challenge Rosen for her seat. [115], Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was re-elected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. [49] [114], Manchin has received cross-party endorsements from fellow senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK). [66], Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was re-elected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. After a 2022 Senate election that had Republicans defending more seats, Democrats will be on the defense for 23 of the 34 seats up for election in 2024. . He intends to run for a third-term despite previously hinting that he may retire. @media screen and (max-width: 892px) { Theres also the fact that Sen. Bob Casey (D-Pa.) was recently diagnosed with prostate cancer, raising questions about what it might mean for his 2024 reelection bid. Class I terms run from the beginning of the 116th Congress on January 3, 2019, to the end of the 118th Congress on January 3, 2025. [72], Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was re-elected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. When asked about this, it was reported on Twitter that he said, "as a Blue Dog, a moderate Democrat, I will have broad appeal."[100]. I am all in. [91] Former Representative of New York's 1st congressional district and Republican nominee for Governor of New York in 2022, Lee Zeldin, has publicly expressed interest in seeking the Republican nomination to challenge Gillibrand.[92]. At the same time, Montana isnt exactly a swing state. Its not an ideal position for Democrats to be in as they look to stave off Republicans in a state that has only emerged as a battleground over the past few election cycles. As the 2022 battle for the Senate winds down, it is worth noting the 2024 Senate map, which gives the Republicans many opportunities to play offense and Democrats hardly any. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the House, will also be held on this date. On May 8, 2021, Warren confirmed that she plans to run for a third term. As with any other 2024 state, you can use the Map Color Palette or rotate through the colors by clicking on the map. Senate Democrats are staring down the risk of their own Great Resignation in 2024. The National Republican Senatorial Committee announced Thursday that Graham, who won reelection in 2020, will lead an effort to raise funds for the Republican nominees in the 2024 Senate elections in Montana, Ohio and West Virginia. columns: 3; She has announced her intention to run for a third term. = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. The US Senate voted down a Biden-backed socially conscious investing rule 50-46.Two Democratic senators up for reelection in 2024 joined Republicans in opposing | POLITICO illustration/Photos by AP, Getty Images, iStock. These progressives are trying to make it happen", "2024 Senate map is a GOP dream. [82], United States Congressmen Matt Rosendale (MT-02) and Ryan Zinke (MT-01) have expressed interest in running for the Republican nomination, provoking a 2018 rematch for the Senate seat, and one of two potential primary rematches of the cycle. Mitt Romney is up in 2024, will be 77 on election day, and doesn't really need donor support. [74][75][76], Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. Still, Wisconsin remains a crucial battleground state with a propensity to swing wildly from one election to another. .split-cols-c-list { I am curious which seats do you think are safe and which you think are flippable/vulnerable? There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse. Former Governor Larry Hogan (2015-2023), and former Lieutenant Governor (2003-2007), former chair of the Republican National Committee, and Republican nominee for Senate in 2006, Michael Steele, are both also seen as potential candidates, although Hogan is currently weighing a run for President, with a decision expected by Spring 2023. This 3-part Senate map lets you view the current Senate, make a forecast for the 2024 Senate elections, and see the composition of the 2025 Senate based on those predictions. Cruz is running for a third-term despite advocating for congressional term limits. Casey has said that he has an excellent prognosis, and hes expected to move forward with his reelection campaign. The survey released on Sunday . The 73-year-old Romney is up for reelection in 2024. Am I undecided? House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) took aim at former Representative Liz Cheney's (R-WY) possible 2024 bid in a new fundraising email obtained by the Washington Examiner. Its too early to make those types of decisions, Cardin said. Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Democrat Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot LOSES reelection over failed soft-on-crime policies. "We need a new generation of leaders that . As a result, it is a possibility he may also seek the Republican nomination. Also tells me he "seriously will consider it". [42], Republican State Senator Matt Dolan has announced his candidacy,[94] and Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose is considered another potential challenger to Brown. I never realized: Airbnb hosts warn of scam taking advantage of George Santos introduces first bill SALT relief, Florida bill would require bloggers to register before writing about DeSantis, Watch live: White House monkeypox response team holds briefing, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Senators serve six-year terms, with roughly one-third of the Senate up for election every two years. Policy: Christopher Nelson Caitlin Styrsky Molly Byrne Katharine Frey Jimmy McAllister Samuel Postell Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.) said that I think Im gonna run for re-election, Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) said shes made it very clear shes running again, and Sen. Bob Casey (D-Pa.) said running again is my goal. [52] Sinema has received a cross-party endorsement from Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK). Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D-Nev.) ultimately won reelection, but the race was decided by fewer than 8,000 votes. Come 2024, 33 seats will be up for re-election, with 23 of them . . Gretchen Whitmer, have already ruled out Senate bids. [6] Should Carper retire, U.S. Representative Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-DE) and Governor John Carney are both seen as potential candidates for the Democratic nomination, with Rochester having already expressed interest. worse-than-expected midterm for Republicans, 2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii, List of United States senators from Hawaii, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii, 2024 United States Senate election in Indiana, List of United States senators from Indiana, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana, 2024 United States Senate election in Maine, List of United States senators from Maine, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine, 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland, List of United States senators from Maryland, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland, 2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, List of United States senators from Massachusetts, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan, List of United States senators from Michigan, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, 2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota, List of United States senators from Minnesota, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota, 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi, List of United States senators from Mississippi, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri, List of United States senators from Missouri, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri, 2024 United States Senate election in Montana, List of United States senators from Montana, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana, List of United States senators from Nebraska, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska, 2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska, 2024 United States Senate election in Nevada, List of United States senators from Nevada, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada, 2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey, List of United States senators from New Jersey, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey. Sinema said she would not caucus with Republicans.[4]. Here are eight Senate seats most likely to flip in 2024: Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Ariz.) speaks during a House Armed Services Committee hearing on July 9, 2020, on Capitol Hill in Washington. One special election is also scheduled for November 5, 2024. [23] Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for Senate in 2012, has publicly expressed interest in a second attempt at earning the Republican nomination. Democrats up for reelection in 2024: California: Dianne Feinstein (retiring) . Michigan Republicans are anxious about 2024 as the party recovers from a disappointing midterm and struggles to find a way to reset in a key battleground state. [57], Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was re-elected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote. 100% remote. Sen. Pat Toomey's (R) retirement and President Biden's narrow victory in the Keystone State in 2020 have . Apply today! When counted with a party, the map will display a striped result. [23], One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. (AP Photo/Al Goldis, File). Biden spoke with Senate Democrats on Thursday after addressing the House caucus a day earlier, touting their achievements and shoring up support ahead of a likely reelection announcement . All 33 Senators Up for Re-election in 2024 Listed by State. } Democrats had 23 seats up for election, additionally 2 independents who caucused with the Democrats faced the end of their current term. Tip: The width in the code can be adjusted to best fit your space. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the U.S. Congress from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2031, and one special election will be held to complete an unexpired term ending . Tester, a rare Democrat representing the deep-red red-leaning state . a tweet accompanied by a video announcing her candidacy. FILE - Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, right, speaks with reporters at a rally for Ohio gubernatorial candidate Nan Whaley in Cincinnati, Nov. 3, 2022. The office of Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., who is 89 years old, announced a couple weeks ago that she will not be seeking re-election in 2024. Senators Murkowski and Young are running this year, but Young has no primary opponent. [95], Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was re-elected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. 33 Class II senate seats were up for re-election. (ret.) Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), one of several rising younger senators, said he has no plans other than to run for reelection.. Stabenow announced on Jan. 5, she will not run for reelection in 2024. 1/2", "U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz confirms he will seek a third term in 2024", "Former Midland councilman announces U.S. Senate run in 2024", "Constitutional Litigator Jonathan Emord Announces U.S. Senate Run", "Joe Manchin gets a GOP challenger for his West Virginia Senate seat", "GOP candidates, voters rally in Weirton", "Sinema switches to independent, shaking up the Senate", "Sinema files campaign papers, but re-election decision unclear", "Key senators torn over retirement decisions as party leaders try to fortify 2024 standing | CNN Politics", "Kyrsten Sinema 'Staggeringly Vulnerable' in 2024 After Filibuster Vote", "Could Sen. Kyrsten Sinema face a primary? After cutting a huge deal on climate, health care and taxes with Schumer, Manchin is now watching the 2022 elections before making a decision. December Harmon, a member of the Columbia Police Review Board, has also announced a run for the Democratic nomination. That's significant considering just one state (Wisconsin) voted the opposite way for the Senate in 2022 . Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was reelected in 2018. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe stated that Menendez plans to run for a fourth term. 3 . Jim Justice, [] Elections to the U.S. Senate will be held on November 5, 2024, and 33 of the 100 seats are up for regular election. [3] Representative Elissa Slotkin is running for the Democratic nomination. [112], Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was re-elected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not. The congressional approval rating indicates public satisfaction in the job performance of the members of the United States Congress. Cruz, Hawley and Rick Scott, whose seats are up in 2024, have chosen to seek re-election rather than roll the dice on a White House run. Sen. Jacky Rosen (D-Nev.) speaks during a Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship hearing to examine implementation of Title I of the CARES Act, Wednesday, June 10, 2020 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The following races are rated as safe for the incumbent party. Nebraska Gov. As of March 2023, 21 senators (15 Democrats and six Republicans) have announced plans to run for re-election. Several senators are waiting to see how the midterms shake out in a month before making any moves, according to interviews and statements from 22 of the 23 sitting Democrats up in 2024. However, she has yet to make an official announcement. . Am I undecided? External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell The majority partywill seek to defend their incumbents in key races again Republican rivals as they look to maintain their slim majority in a presidentialelection year where President Joe Biden will likelybe seeking hissecond term. All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 3 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans. [citation needed]. The Arizona Democrat renewed critics' anger with a speech saying she would never nix the filibuster . Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was re-elected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. The uncertainty stemming from Stabenows coming retirement sets the stage for a potentially long and competitive Democratic primary that could complicate the partys hopes of holding the seat next year. Others represent perennial battlegrounds, like Jon Tester of Montana and Joe Manchin of West Virginia, both of whom survived the 2018 midterm cycle that evicted four colleagues from red or swing states. columns: 1; Arizona Rep. Ruben Gallego announces Senate bid, set to challenge Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, Democratic support for Biden in 2024 surges after midterms as Trump takes a hit, In search of the perfect president: What Americans say they want, from age to gender, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Of course, Arizona Republicans have their own set of challenges to deal with. Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) survived his last reelection bid in 2018, handing Democrats a key win in a former swing state that has lurched further and further to the right in recent years. [111] In addition, Republican Governor Glenn Youngkin's current term will expire on January 2026, and the Virginia Constitution says that governors may not serve consecutive terms, so Youngkin will be unable to run for reelection. Tom Cotton (R-AK), Rubio, and Paul, have seemingly passed on a 2024 stint. columns: 3; Further, Democrats are defending seats in six states that Biden won by a single-digit margin (Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Michigan, Minnesota, and Maine) while Republicans are defending only two seats in states that Trump won by a single-digit margin (Florida and Texas). For months, political observers and strategists have been keeping their eyes and ears wide open, hoping to find out two big things about the 2024 Senate race in West Virginia. The map below shows what seats are up for election and the incumbent ahead of the election. Trump carried the state in 2016 and again in 2020. 2023 Electoral Ventures LLC. [73], Former state delegate Robin Ficker has filed paperwork to run for the Republican nomination. Trump burns up 2024 primary polling with incredible numbers https . The . There are 34 seats up in 2024 - including a special election in Nebraska - of which 23 are held by Democrats or Independents. Carper leads the Environment and Public Works Committee and Cardin chairs the Small Business Committee while ranking second most-senior among the partys Foreign Relations Committee members. Two times as many Democrat incumbents are up for reelection. In 2018the last time these 33 seats were up for electionsix seats changed party hands. The party is defending more than twice as many seats as Republicans, and its already facing the possibility that some of its incumbents could retire, leaving open competitive seats.